2022年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試

英語

本試卷共10頁，滿分120分。考試用時120分鐘。

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型（A）填涂在答題卡相應位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開始，試題序號從“21”開始。

2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。

3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區域內相應位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第二部分 閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）

第一節（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:

Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2= 15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4= 20%.

Group Assignments (30%)

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作業) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Daily Worth/In-Class Writing and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) 

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

21. Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook.

B. An exam paper.

C. A course plan.

D. An academic article.

22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?

A. Two.

B. Three.

C. Four.

D. Five.

23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero.

B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test.

D. You will have to rewrite it.

B

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quiet eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”

If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste.

B. We waste food unintentionally at times.

C. We waste more vegetables than meat.

D. We have good reasons for wasting food.

25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?

A. Moral decline.

B. Environmental harm.

C. Energy shortage.

D. Worldwide starvation.

26. What does Curtin’s company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment.

B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.

C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.

D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.

27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed.

B. Reduce food consumption.

C. Go shopping once a week.

D. Eat in restaurants less often.

C

The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善組織) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: "I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school."

"I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed."

"It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful."

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: "Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here."

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: "We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve.
B. Oppose.
C. Begin.
D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received.
B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.
D. It takes ages to see the results.

D

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "y", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (對齊), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (結構), making it easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on?
A. Its variety.
B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity.
D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “__36__” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. __37__ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. __38__ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. __39__

You and your partner will probably have different skills. __40__ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for training partner should include such information.

第三部分 語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）

第一節 （共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.

Some of our __41__ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we __42__ along Chalk Creek. I was __43__ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was __44__, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So __45__ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It __46__ — he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.

Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we __47__, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly __48__ our peaceful morning trip. The __49__ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to __50__ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No __51__. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there __52__, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back. We were __53__.

Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of __54__, wondering what camping fun and __55__ we will experience next.

41. A. ideas   B. jokes   C. memories   D. discoveries

42. A. camped   B. drove   C. walked   D. cycled

43. A. annoyed  B. surprised  C. disappointed  D. worried

44. A. unhurt   B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable  D. unafraid

45. A. due to   B. instead of  C. apart from   D. as for

46. A. worked   B. happened  C. mattered   D. changed

47. A. signed up  B. calmed down C. checked out  D. headed off

48. A. arranged  B. interrupted C. completed   D. recorded

49. A. wind   B. noise   C. temperature  D. speed

50. A. find   B. hide   C. start    D. fix

51. A. luck   B. answer  C. wonder   D. signal

52. A. patiently  B. tirelessly  C. doubtfully   D. helplessly

53. A. sorry   B. brave   C. safe    D. right

54. A. relief   B. duty   C. pride    D. excitement

55. A. failure   B. adventure  C. performance  D. conflict

第二節（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空自處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ____56____ (cover) an area about three times ____57____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the CPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____58____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59____ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____60____ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ____61____ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ____62____ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and ____63____ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

Giant pandas also serve ____64____ an umbrella species(物種), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

第四部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）

第一節（滿分15分）

假定你是校廣播站英語節目“Talk and Talk”的負責人李華，請給外教Caroline寫郵件邀請她做一次訪談。內容包括：

1. 節目介紹；

2. 訪談的時間和話題。

注意：

1. 寫作詞數應為80左右；

2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Dear Caroline,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

2022年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試（新高考全國Ⅰ卷）

英  語 

參考答案

本試卷共10頁，滿分120分。考試用時120分鐘。

注意事項：1. 答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開始，試題序號從“21”開始。

2. 作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。

3. 非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區域內相應位置上;如高改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。

4. 考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結束后，將試卷和符題卡一并交回。

第二部分 閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)

第一節(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

1. C    2. B    3. A   4. B    5. B    6. D    7. A   8. D   9. B    10. C    11. A  12. D    13. C    14. A    15. C

第二節(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

16. C    17. D    18. B    19. G    20. F

第三部分 語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)

第一節(共15小題; 每小題1分，滿分15分)

21. C    22. A    23. D    24. C    25. B    26. A    27. D    28. B    29. A    30. C    31. A    32. D    33. C    34. D    35. B

第二節(共10小題; 每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

36. Covering     

37. the     

38. were     

39. to increase    

40. is designed     

41. and    

42. populations    

43. eventually    

44.  as    

45. that

第四部分 寫作(共兩節，滿分40分)

第一節(滿分15分)

【答案】Dear Caroline,

This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program —Talk and Talk. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it. As our distinguished foreign language teacher, your aid can help us a lot. If you are available on this Sunday, I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff am waiting for your coming. I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二節(滿分25分)

47. 閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

【答案】We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said

and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s.

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a heart disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.